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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to the learner-internal aspects CLKs' understanding of the need to be pragmatic and the relational affordances they had access to were important. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both cited their local professor relationships as a significant factor in their decision to avoid criticising an uncompromising professor (see the second example). This article reviews all locally published pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on core pragmatic topics including: Discourse Construction Tests The test for discourse completion (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in the field of pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but it also has some disadvantages. For instance, the DCT is unable to account for cultural and individual differences in communication. The DCT can also be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations. As a result, it must be carefully analyzed prior to using it for research or assessment purposes. Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful tool for analyzing the relationship between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. The ability to manipulate social variables relevant to the manner of speaking in two or more steps could be a plus. This feature can help researchers understand the role of prosody in communication across cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools used to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to study various issues that include the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choice. It can be used to evaluate the phonological difficulty of learners' speech. Recent research utilized the DCT as tool to evaluate the refusal skills of EFL students. The participants were given a list of scenarios and were required to choose a suitable response from the choices provided. The authors concluded that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures that included a questionnaire as well as video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other methods for collecting data. DCTs are typically created with specific linguistic requirements in mind, like content and form. These criteria are based on intuition and are based on the assumptions of the test creators. They are not necessarily correct, and they could misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires more research on alternative methods of assessing refusal competency. A recent study examined DCT responses to requests made by students via email with those obtained from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs preferred more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and used more hints than email data. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study examined Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It employed various tools for experimentation such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of intermediate or higher ability who responded to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked for reflections on their evaluations and refusals in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and their choices were influenced by four major factors such as their identities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. The MQ data was analyzed in order to determine the participants' practical choices. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were compared with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine whether they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. Interviewees were also required to explain the reasons for choosing an atypical behavior in certain situations. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and Z tests. It was found that CLKs frequently used the use of euphemistic phrases such as “sorry” and “thank you.” 프라그마틱 정품인증 was likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language, which led to an insufficient knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that the CLKs' preferences for converging to L1 or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varies according to the DCT situations. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs favored to diverge from both L1 and pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms. The RIs showed that CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days after participants completed the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two coders independent of each other, were then coded. The coding was an iterative process, in which the coders discussed and read each transcript. The results of coding are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine how well they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior. Refusal Interviews (RIs) The key issue in research on pragmatics is: Why do some learners decide to not accept native-speaker norms? A recent study sought to answer this question by employing a variety of research tools, such as DCTs MQs, DCTs and RIs. The participants were comprised of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were required to complete the DCTs in their native language and complete the MQs either in their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI, where they were asked to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT situation. The results showed that CLKs on average, did not conform to the patterns of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this even though they could produce native-like patterns. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their decision to learner-internal variables such as their identities and personalities as well as multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors like relational affordances. They outlined, for instance, how their relationships with their professors allowed them to function more easily in terms of the linguistic and social norms at their university. The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and penalties they might face in the event that their local social norms were not followed. They were worried that their native friends might view them as “foreigners” and think they were unintelligent. This concern was similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are not the norm for Korean learners. They may still be a useful model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it is advisable for future researchers to reassess their relevance in specific scenarios and in various cultural contexts. This will help them better understand the effect of different cultural environments on the classroom behavior and interactions of students from L2. This will also help educators create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risks consultancy. Case Studies The case study method is a method that focuses on deep, participatory investigations to investigate a specific topic. This method uses numerous sources of information, such as interviews, observations and documents to prove its findings. 프라그마틱 정품인증 of investigation is ideal for studying specific or complex subjects which are difficult to assess with other methods. The first step in a case study is to define the subject and the goals of the study. This will help you determine which aspects of the topic should be studied and which can be omitted. It is also beneficial to study the literature that is relevant to the topic to gain a better understanding of the subject and to place the case study within a wider theoretical framework. This case study was built on an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], as well as its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this experiment revealed that L2 Korean learners were particularly susceptible to the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer options that were literal interpretations of the prompts, deviating from the correct pragmatic inference. They also showed a distinct tendency to add their own text or “garbage” to their responses. This lowered the quality of their responses. The participants in this study were all L2 Korean students who had achieved level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third year at university and hoped to attain level six on their next attempt. They were asked questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and their perception of the world. The interviewees were presented with two situations, each involving an imagined interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to select one of the following strategies when making a request. The interviewees were asked to justify their decision. The majority of the participants attributed their pragmatism to their personalities. TS, for example, claimed that she was difficult to get along with and would not ask about the wellbeing of her colleague when they had a heavy work load despite the fact that she thought native Koreans would.